Vulnerable Road Users
Not everyone on the road is inside a car. Pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and even animals are at greater risk in a collision. Drivers must take extra care around them, and these groups must also follow rules for their own safety.
Most exam questions in this section focus on who has priority and how to give space.
Shared Principles
- See and be seen: Vulnerable users are smaller and harder to spot — especially at night or in bad weather. See Low Visibility.
- Give space: Drivers must slow down and leave plenty of room when passing cyclists, motorcyclists, or animals.
- Expect the unexpected: Children, pets, or riders may make sudden moves. Drive defensively.
- Priority: Pedestrians at crossings, cyclists at junctions, and animals on the road all require you to yield.
- Patience and courtesy: Aggressive driving puts lives at risk. The law requires consideration for all road users. [1]
What You’ll Learn in This Section
- Pedestrians → You must give way at crossings, and pedestrians must use footpaths or walk facing traffic if none exist.
- Cyclists → You must give space when overtaking; cyclists must use lights at night and obey traffic signals.
- Motorcyclists → Riders and passengers must wear helmets; only one passenger is allowed.
- Animals → Drivers must slow down and not frighten animals; handlers must keep control.
Exam Pointers
- Where should pedestrians walk if no footpath exists? → On the right-hand side, facing traffic.
- What equipment must a cyclist have at night? → Front white light, rear red light, and a bell or horn.
- What protective gear is legally required for motorcyclists? → An approved helmet for both rider and passenger.
- How must you drive when animals are on the road? → Slow down, give space, and never sound the horn.